"New data and tools for integrating discrete and continuous population modeling strategies."
- J. Koopman, G. Jacquez & S. E. Chick
Using an example of water contamination effects for Cryptosporidia transmission systems, Koopman et al. explained how four hierarchal forms of population system models (Ordinary Differential Equations, Markov Chain, Individual Event History, and Dynamic Network) should progressively relax unrealistic assumptions.